An evaluation of the impact of rural-urban migration on elderly care in Eket Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

An evaluation of the impact of rural-urban migration on elderly care in Eket Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Background of the study:
Rural-urban migration is a significant demographic trend in Nigeria that reshapes family structures and community dynamics. In Eket Local Government Area, the migration of younger populations to urban centers in search of better economic opportunities has disrupted traditional caregiving systems. Historically, extended families provided robust support for the elderly; however, migration has weakened these networks, leaving older adults increasingly vulnerable to neglect and inadequate care. This demographic shift not only affects the emotional well-being of the elderly but also places an additional burden on the limited local healthcare infrastructure. The erosion of traditional support systems, combined with the growing number of elderly individuals, necessitates a critical examination of the impact of migration on elderly care. Previous research highlights that rural-urban migration adversely affects intergenerational care and social cohesion (Udo, 2023). Additionally, economic pressures and labor shortages in rural communities further diminish the capacity to provide adequate care for the elderly (Mfon, 2024). This study explores these dynamics and aims to propose strategies to enhance support systems for the elderly in Eket (Ekanem, 2025).

Statement of the problem:
In Eket, rural-urban migration has disrupted traditional family support systems, leaving the elderly with diminished care and increased vulnerability. The departure of younger family members for urban centers has resulted in a significant gap in caregiving, exacerbating issues such as social isolation, inadequate healthcare access, and economic hardship among the elderly. Limited government intervention and insufficient community-based support further compound the problem, leading to deteriorating living conditions and compromised health outcomes for senior citizens. This study seeks to investigate these challenges and identify the underlying factors that hinder effective elderly care in the wake of migration (Udo, 2023; Mfon, 2024).

Objectives of the study:

1. To assess the effects of rural-urban migration on the availability of elderly caregivers.

2. To examine the impact of migration on the quality of elderly care.

3. To propose strategies to improve elderly support in rural settings.

Research questions:

1. How does rural-urban migration affect elderly care in Eket?

2. What are the socio-economic impacts of migration on caregiving structures?

3. What interventions can enhance elderly care in the context of migration?

Research Hypotheses:

1. H1: Rural-urban migration negatively impacts the availability of elderly caregivers.

2. H2: The quality of elderly care deteriorates as a result of migration trends.

3. H3: Targeted interventions can improve elderly support despite migration challenges.

Significance of the study:
This study is significant in illuminating the effects of rural-urban migration on elderly care, providing critical insights for policymakers and social service providers. It underscores the urgent need to reform caregiving structures and implement supportive interventions that cater to the aging population. The research findings aim to guide community and governmental initiatives towards more sustainable and inclusive elderly care practices, ensuring better health and social outcomes for senior citizens in Eket (Udo, 2023; Ekanem, 2025).

Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to examining the impact of rural-urban migration on elderly care within Eket Local Government Area.

Definitions of terms:

1. Rural-urban Migration: The movement of people from rural areas to urban centers.

2. Elderly Care: The support and services provided to older adults.

3. Caregiver: An individual who provides care and support to another, especially the elderly.

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